Si les deux auteurs ne réinventent pas l’œuvre du dramaturge élisabéthain, c’est qu’ils ne parviennent ni à remettre en question le statut d’icône littéraire de ce dernier, ni à le « défamiliariser ». Joel Porte. “The Tragedies of George Henry Boker. The Bad Child’s Book of Beasts; Cautionary Tales. –A most conspicuous monster! Levenson. He echoes the Prince, who blames Romeo and Juliet’s relatives for the death of the two “star-cross’d lovers”. Politique de cookies | Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1984. Son personnage, le détective Tom Lopaka, devient ensuite le protagoniste du spin-off Intrigues à Hawaï, qui remporte un succès international. L. “Shakespeare’s evolving imagery: 2 Henry VI.” English Studies – A Journal of English Letters and Philology. Arabian Nights. Jean-Robert Bourdage was born on July 15, 1964 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. But it is the attribute of transcendent genius to impart immortality even to the grossest absurdity; and the idea of JACK CADE is now associated, in the popular mind, with all that is vulgar, brutal and barbarous. While Conrad aimed at providing a melodramatic counter-model to 2 Henry VI in Jack Cade, he failed to grasp Shakespeare’s ambivalent stance and to challenge his figure as a symbol of literary genius. Although he intends to “correct an historical wrong,” he then explains that he also incorporated episodes from another rebellion which occurred under the reign of Richard II. Vocabulaire politique et propagande dans une perspective transatlantique, Slavery on Screen / American Women Writers Abroad: 1849-1976, (Hi)stories of American Women: Writings and Re-writings / Call and Answer: Dialoguing the American West in France, Morphing Bodies: Strategies of Embodiment in Contemporary US Cultural Practices, Modernist Revolutions: American Poetry and the Paradigm of the New, The Poetics and Politics of Antiquity in the Long Nineteenth-Century / Exploiting Exploitation Cinema, The Voting Rights Act at 50 / Hidden in Plain Sight: Deep Time and American Literature, Aesthetics of Theory in the Modern Era and Beyond / Photographie documentaire, Revisiting the Gilded Age / Littérature et philosophie, Cartographies de l'Amérique / Histoires d'esclaves, Le roman policier, littérature transatlantique / Maisons Hantées, Sport et société / Animals and the American Imagination, Senses of the South / Référendums populaires, The Businessman as Artist / New American Voices, A digital resources portal for the humanities and social sciences, https://doi.org/10.4000/transatlantica.4889, licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International, Catalogue of 549 journals. This led to several riots, the most violent one being the Astor Place riot in 18491. Auction 8 December 2020. Durham: Duke University Press, 1989. Even at the time they were produced, many writers and reviewers were extremely critical of the American theatre and of the vulgarity of its audience (Moses, Brown 40-43, 70-71). Set on, before!Was ever king thus openly defied? An aristocratic form of entertainment, it was seen as part of the upbringing of a gentleman (Elyot 82, 84). The female guest actors are great! His was altogether an exceptional nature, and we should not try to measure him by the usual human standards. Charles Robert Redford Jr. (born August 18, 1936) is a retired American actor, director and activist. Whitepages provides the top free people search and tenant screening tool online with contact information for over 250 million people including cell phone numbers and complete background check data compiled from public records, white pages and other directories in all 50 states. Some of his lines also echo Hamlet’s doubts (Evans 1984 130): What a fool am ITo bear the burden of my wretched life,To sweat and toil under the world’s broad eye,Climb into fame, and find myself – O, what? New York: Literary Classics of the United States, 1983. Robert Redford is one of the most enduring superstars in Hollywood today. Furthermore, Cade, who wants to avenge his father’s untimely death, may evoke Hamlet himself, although his mother is undoubtedly more virtuous than Gertrude. 1The overwhelming majority of nineteenth-century American plays have now fallen into oblivion. Marienstras, Richard. En 1965, Robert Conrad paye sa dette envers Nick Adams, en lui donnant la réplique dans Young Dillinger. Il incarne un entraîneur paraplégique dans Coach of the Year, prête ses traits au chef opérationnel à l’origine du scandale du Watergate dans le biopic Will : the Autobiography of G. Gordon Liddy, et côtoie Sean Connery dans Meurtres en direct, critiquant le rôle des médias dans leur traitement de la violence. New York: AMS Press, Inc., 1967. Conrad II, Duke of Transjurane Burgundy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. K. McLaughlin and D. Pellauer. Petit extrait de Robert Conrad participant à l'épisode "Revenge" de cette série policière le 9 mars 1959. However, his attitude to the playwright’s genius is quite ambiguous: Mr. Malone has satisfactorily demonstrated that the caricature of the leader in the English insurrection of 1450, introduced in Shakspeare’s second part of Henry VI., was borrowed from an old play, which, but for his touch of fire, would long since have sunk into oblivion. Caldecott, Randolph. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/transatlantica/4889 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/transatlantica.4889. Alger, William Rounseville. 10Several domestic and highly emotional scenes give the play its melodramatic tone. my heart is desolate! En moins de temps qu'il ne faut pour le dire, ou plutôt l'écrire, ils sont expédiés au tapis sans avoir oublié de casser tout le mobilier disponible (chaises, tables, fenêtres, portes, balustrade… (JC, IV, 3, p. 518). It was from this particular form of rhetoric that Emerson wanted to emancipate in “The American Scholar” (58). Bank, Rosemarie K. Theatre Culture in America, 1825-1860. While Conrad aimed at providing a melodramatic counter-model to 2 Henry VI in Jack Cade, he failed to grasp Shakespeare’s ambivalent stance and to challenge his figure as a symbol of literary genius. Enemies are mercilessly pursued with no consideration for hunting rituals. 2nd ed. En 1965, Robert Conrad paye sa dette envers Nick Adams, en lui donnant la réplique dans Young Dillinger. / I fear our happiness is at the highest” (I, 3, 36-41). 19While Say’s men are compared to cruel hounds, the people are systematically represented as helpless and innocent prey to the nobility. Transatlantica is a biannual journal with its own independent editorial committee. They are often regarded as a form of low culture and their interest is generally considered to be purely documentary. Get out of your age as far as you can. I have no doubt that if a skilful hand would go through the works of Paine, Bird, Conrad, Stone, Willis &c., an article could be written that the literary world of to-day sadly needs for its information. Ackerman, Alan L., Jr. Shakespeare in America. Morse, Ruth. There are two classic translations, one expurgated for children by Andrew Lang, the other complete by Richard Burton. A prolific playwright, he started his career in the 1850s. This article explores three mid-nineteenth-century American plays which reveal the literary responses of two American playwrights to Shakespeare: Robert Conrad (1810-1848) and George Henry Boker (1823-1890). What is Whitepages people search? “Unfit for human consumption: Shakespeare’s unnatural food.” Deutsche Shakespeare-Gesellshaft West Jahrbuch. Dans les années 80, Robert Conrad retrouve son ancien partenaire dans les téléfilms Le Retour des Mystères de l’Ouest et Encore plus de Mystères de l’Ouest. My contention is that Boker and Conrad’s responses did not enable the two authors to reinvent the works of their predecessor, for they failed to challenge Shakespeare as “the one unassailable icon for a cultural tradition” as well as “the normative force” of the Elizabethan playwright (Bristol 15, 38). Dans cette série atypique, mêlant aventure, western et science-fiction, il incarne l’agent des services secrets américains James West, résolvant des affaires aux côtés de son acolyte Artemus Gordon (Ross Martin). This moment of domestic bliss shows that contrary to Shakespeare’s play, he is not only presented as a public figure going against the established social and political order, but also as a loving father, husband and son. In Shakespeare’s play, members of the nobility speak in verse most of the time, unlike the commons whose prose is often vulgar and syntactically inadequate. 16The episode recalls Laertes’ poisoning of the Danish king. London and New York: Routledge, 1992 (1958). A bloody murderer and an illiterate man, he threatens political order and only brings chaos and suffering. Moses, Montrose Jonas, Brown, John Mason, eds. It was originally written for Augustus A. Addams in 1835 and then revised for Edwin Forrest (Meserve 67). Janet Alicia Chavez-Calixto, 24, and David Ramirez, 23, died in the I-5 crash, shortly before 5 a.m. Saturday Hot shirtless body and hairstyle pics on newest TV shows movies. “Transactions en eaux troubles: résurgences de la voix shakespearienne dans Moby-Dick.” LISA. He was a son of Conrad I of Auxerre, and Adelaide; an older brother of Hugh the Abbot; and a member of the Bavarian branch of the Welfs. New York: E. R. Dutton & Company, 1925. The scene thus appears like an intertextual patchwork which constantly brings the spectator/reader back to its literary sources without making them “swerve” (Bloom 1997 14). The Oxford Companion to American Theatre. La préparation d’un troisième opus étant malheureusement interrompu suite au décès de Ross Martin. (AB, III, 4, p. 163). From 1990, show jumping was brought together along with the other equestrian disciplines into the World Equestrian Games (WEG). Something is rotten in the kingdom of England. When he mentions the plots against him in Act III, Hastings dares to qualify what his king has said, which proves fatal to him: HASTINGS: If they have done this thing, my gracious lord –RICHARD: ‘If’, thou protector of this damned strumpet,Tell’st thou to me of ‘ifs”? He therefore asks his younger brother Paolo to court the young woman on his behalf, but the young man and Francesca fall in love at first sight and the young woman understands only too late that she is to marry another man. Clarence’s drowning in his dream is literalised at the end of the scene, when he is drowned “in the malmsey-butt” after being stabbed by his murderers. Abe Vigoda, Al Pacino, Robert Duvall, Diane Keaton, Robert De Niro Plot: Both a prequel and a sequel to the widely acclaimed crime film The Godfather , it continues the story of Michael Corleone as he survives several misfortunes while expanding the family business, and puts it in contrast to the early struggles of his father, Vito Corleone, recording his introduction into a life of crime. --- George Henry Boker. Jeux concours | 36The episode recalls Desdemona’s handkerchief, which is stolen by Emily and then used by Iago to convince his master of Desdemona’s treason. In order to justify this conflation of historical events, he argues that “they were provoked by the same wrongs, and were commenced in the same county” (448), but one soon realises that Conrad’s aim is not so much to give an accurate account of Cade’s rebellion as to provide a melodramatic counter-model to 2 Henry VI which might appeal to Forrest’s public. La pièce révèle l’incapacité de l’auteur à saisir toutes les ambivalences idéologiques et morales de l’œuvre de son prédécesseur, mais aussi à remettre en cause la notion de génie shakespearien. A little later, there was a similar idea in Baa Baa Black Sheep, this time dedicated to American fighter pilots facing the Japanese in the South Pacific during the Second World War (with Robert Conrad, the main character in The Wild Wild West, who also went on to guest star in Columbo, like other actors from the small screen such as Patrick McGoohan). Ed. Retrouvez tout le casting de la saison 2 de la série Revenge: les acteurs, les réalisateurs et les scénaristes The young woman scorns his proposal. Transatlantica – Revue d'études américaines est mis à disposition selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International. CONRAD II LE JEUNE DE BOURGOGNE ca 835-ca 876 Married to JUDITH DE FRIOUL †870/ CONRAD II LE JEUNE DE BOURGOGNE ca 835-ca 876 Married to ERMENTRUDE VON WORMSGAU ca 845-ca 905 Siblings. Here, by these bodies, let us reckon up / Our crimes together” (FDR, V, 3, p. 473). Durant quatre saisons, l’acteur se forge alors une image de séducteur viril, pratiquant la plupart de ses cascades lui-même. Carr, Virginia, M. “Animal imagery in 2 Henry VI.” English Studies – A Journal of English Language and Literature. Conrad and Boker’s literary attitudes to Shakespeare proved to be quite different; yet none of them truly questioned his status as a literary icon and a universal genius, never to be surpassed. “Jack Cade.” Representative Plays by American Dramatists. Essays Critical and Clinical [1993]. Waldrada of Worms (or Waldraith; born 801, date of death unknown) was the second wife of Conrad II, Duke of Transjurane Burgundy. New York and London: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1992. Boker’s less radical and more reverential approach in Anne Boleyn and Francesca da Rimini prevented him from being more than an epigone. Highbrow / Lowbrow: The Emergence of Cultural Hierarchy in America. No. desolate! Several scenes (I.i, for instance) contrast the plight of the yeomen with the harshness of the nobility; at the end of Act II, Cade swears to avenge his mother, who was cruelly murdered by Say’s men; in Act IV, as Cade and Mariamne are captured, his wife informs him that their son has died of starvation, but he is denied the right to see the boy’s body one last time: AYLMERE: How fares our boy, my Mariamne? M. R. Ridley. Vol 48 (1967): 481-493. Robert Conrad, the production's lead actor, as James t. West, is arguably the inspiration for Star Trek's Captain James t. Kirk. Thou art a traitor,Off with his head! Why then I triumph still!My steel was venomed and its point is fate. 5Jack Cade, which was awarded the Forrest Prize in 1841, is Robert Conrad’s most famous dramatic work and remained one of Edwin Forrest’s most popular parts in an American play. Yet one may also consider this choice as an openly democratic stance upsetting traditional social distinctions between the ruling classes and the people. 20George Henry Boker’s use of Shakespeare was less politically radical than Conrad’s, since he advocated a form of literary continuity between Old Europe and the United States. It seemed to me that, as compared with other modern dramatic works, this tragedy showed well, and was something for an American to feel some pride in. 11Not only do these scenes bring pathos, but they also dismiss the idea according to which Cade is nothing but a murderer and a heartless man. Cambridge: CUP, 2004. Instead of building on images used by the Elizabethan playwright, he simplifies their meaning so that they might serve his political and historical purpose more efficiently. Oxford and New York: OUP, 2000. But contrary to Othello, who has been deceived by Iago and is convinced that his spouse is Cassio’s mistress, Henry’s jealousy is feigned. 800 • Bourgogne, France DEATH ABT. Repositioning Shakespeare. Radical Tragedy. 1 Thirty-one people were killed in the riot, after the militia was called out. Robert Conrad rebondit alors en 1996, dans la comédie familiale La Course au jouet, portée par Arnold Schwarzenegger, avant de se faire plus rare à l’écran, à l’exception d’une apparition dans son propre rôle dans la sitcom Voilà ! (JC, IV, 2, p. 510), AYLMERE: Liberty gives nor light nor heat itself;It but permits us to be good and happy.It is to man, what space is to the orbs,The medium where he may revolve and shine,Or, darkened by his vices, fall for ever! ]SAY: [Advancing.] Baltimore, London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999. En 1969, le comédien interprète le procureur Paul Ryan dans le téléfilm policier D.A : Murder One. Cambridge: CUP, 1991. Life of Edwin Forrest, the American Tragedian. Compliance & Integrity Education at Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago. Like Richard, Anne’s enemies are ready to spread rumours about Elizabeth being a bastard child, or even use “drunken prophecies, libels and dreams” (RIII, I, 1, 33): NORFOLK: O find me but some little charge,Less weighty than the air-drawn gossamer – Some dim tradition, gathered in a dreamSeen by the blaring vision of a drunkard – Some hearsay mumbled by a maniac’s lips, With fever scorched upon his dying bed. Contact | 18In Jack Cade, all noblemen are fond of hunting and the suppression of the rebellion is depicted in such terms to suggest the cruelty of the aristocracy: SAY: If other gameWe start not, we will beat the forest through,For this same masque, Mortimer. Once hunting as a metaphor has been associated with ideas of murder and massacre, aristocratic hunters may cross the threshold of savagery and lose what distinguishes them from both the commons and the animal world. In a letter written in 1875, he tried to define the nature of Shakespeare’s genius: You are quite right in your estimate of the character and acquirements of Shakespeare. --- The Anxiety of Influence [1973]. CENTENNIAL (Made for TV 1978 - Richard Chamberlain, Robert Conrad, Raymond Burr, Richard Crenna, Timothy Dalton, Chad Everett, Andy Griffith, David Janssen, Brian Keith, Donald Pleasence, Lynn Redgrave, Robert Vaughn, Dennis Weaver - 12 part miniseries $54.95: DVD Il fait alors ses débuts sur le petit écran, notamment dans 77 Sunset Strip. 39Boker adapted a well-known story by Dante, but the play’s composition and language are mainly indebted to Shakespeare’s tragedies. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1939. The strategies adopted by those who plot against Anne are quite similar to those used by Richard and his men. Biographie Robert De Niro, Biographie Brad Pitt. Soudainement, surgissant de nulle part, trois malfrats aux mines patibulaires lui tombent dessus. The character of Lanciotto combines several Shakespearean figures: his appearance is reminiscent of Richard III but his bravery, his feats on the battlefield and his jealousy evoke Othello. Instead of being a “paradigm” providing Boker with a “grammar governing the composition of [a] new [work]”, Shakespeare is the canonical reference legitimizing the American playwright’s enterprise and seems to be denied “a new existence in the linguistic kingdom” (Ricoeur 69). The first time Cade appears in the play, he is accompanied by his wife and his son and is about to knock at his mother’s door after several years of exile. Language is therefore meant to reflect a form of social hierarchy and to legitimize it. Oxford and New York: OUP, 2000. They had two known children, Adelaide of Auxerre and Rudolph I of Burgundy. Ed. (AB, II, 1, p. 136-7). New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997. In IV.1, the king and his wife attend a tournament in which Rochford and Norris are opposed. The American Theatre as Seen by its Critics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press / Paris: Editions de la Maison des Sciences de l’Homme, 1985. Pepe, the court’s jester, warns Lanciotto that his wife will probably be unfaithful to him, but the cripple eventually marries her. (AB, IV, 1, p. 176). Calderwood, James. Un homme vêtu de bleu pénètre dans le saloon d'une petite bourgade américaine au son d'une musique mystérieuse. Meserve, Walter J. Heralds of Promise: The Drama of American People During the Age of Jackson. (JC, 439). Elle veut être un lieu de débat et de publication pour l’ensemble des études américaines, sans exclusive. New Perspectives on the Shakespearean World. Dollimore, Jonathan. As in 2 Henry VI, the play focuses on Jack Cade’s rebellion in 1450, but Conrad’s hero is the exact antithesis of Shakespeare’s character. Three literary sources may be identified in this passage: it may be seen as a nightmarish version of Jacob’s dream and as a vertical adaptation of the wheel-of-fortune motif. Like all the other playwrights of his time, he championed the rise of a national drama: I remember once being struck with an article, in an old quarterly, on Tom Paine’s “Brutus”. What, in our very presence! Voir la notice dans le catalogue OpenEdition, Plan du site – Mentions légales et Crédits – Liens – Flux de syndication, Nous adhérons à OpenEdition Journals – Édité avec Lodel – Accès réservé, You will be redirected to OpenEdition Search, Looking into the attribute of transcendent genius: George Henry Boker and Robert Conrad’s use of Shakespeare, Introduction: The Poetics and Politics of Antiquity in the Long Nineteenth- Century, Transatlantica – Revue d'études américaines, Creating the Child Audience: Media and the Invention of Modern American Childhood, Les mots pour le dire. Hunting and hawking in the Shakespearean trilogy thus define characters socially and establish distinctions that are meant to draw a line between the nobles and the commons. Fans of either character should instantly identify with the lead as a true 60s invention: Rogue, persuader, charmer, hero. Norfolk and his followers have him arrested when he prides himself on being Anne’s lover. 24Shakespeare’s Henry VIII and Boker’s Anne Boleyn focus on Henry VIII’s reign, but they do not tell the same story since the latter starts a few years after the ending of the former. Dunn, Esther Cloudman. No.104 (1980): 39-57. The author does not regret a necessity that enables him to correct an historical wrong. Par ailleurs, il exploite ses multiples talents dans les comédies musicales espagnoles La Nueva Cenicienta et Ven a cantar conmigo, y tenant à chaque fois, le rôle principal. 21Contrary to many of his contemporaries, whose works were openly nationalistic, he argued that the advent of American drama did not require a radical break from European aesthetic and literary models, for drama must transcend national identities, reveal man’s nature and raise the human soul. Cet article s’intéresse aux modalités selon lesquelles deux dramaturges américains du XIXe siècle – Robert Conrad (1810-1848) et George Henry Boker (1823-1890) – cherchent à s’approprier l’œuvre de Shakespeare. 6In 2 Henry VI, Cade’s legitimacy as a leader is constantly dismissed. Plays and Poems, Volume 1. 4  For instance, Suffolk and Beaumont use images related to utilitarian forms of hunting when they have Gloucester arrested (III, 1, 55 and III, 1, 252-256), and his wife metaphorically becomes a bird limed by Suffolk in I.3. Conrad therefore disregards Shakespeare’s ambivalent treatment of hunting images in the Henry VI plays. Boker’s desire to make his works “timeless” as well as the overwhelming presence of the Elizabethan playwright in his plays prevented him from being more than an epigone. Although Boker focused on Henry VIII’s reign, Anne Boleyn draws more on Richard III than on Shakespeare’s last history play. Time and Narrative [1983].Trans. (Gallagher 191). 450 Park Avenue, New York ()Viewing by appointment. Before he is arrested, Norris denounces the crimes committed by his sovereign: NORRIS: Do, my liege,And join assassination to the crimesThat blot your monstrous heart. 20 (1974): 187-215. Robert De Niro, Actor: Cape Fear. Ronan Ludot-Vlasak, « Looking into the attribute of transcendent genius: George Henry Boker and Robert Conrad’s use of Shakespeare », Transatlantica [En ligne], 1 | 2010, mis en ligne le 16 juillet 2010, consulté le 03 décembre 2020. Although the dream is set in the sky and not on a ship, the “dreadful shape” that causes the fall of Anne and her brother may also be reminiscent of Richard in Clarence’s dream, when the villain makes his brother lose his balance and fall overboard. Anne’s cursing Jane Seymour and her offspring in Boker’s play is also reminiscent of the scenes in which female characters curse the crippled king: ANNE: Hear me, writhing souls,That minister around sin’s ebon throne! Revue de presse | View Nicola Jeune’s profile on LinkedIn, ... Laurel Conrad Gensinger Speech Language Pathologist. 41In some nineteenth-century American texts, the use of different literary sources is a way for writers to avoid imitation while recycling aesthetic and literary models6. Emerson, Ralph Waldo. Sunday 12-5pm . May her childLive in the vexing of a troubled time,And, issueless, die young! The female guest actors are great! 33This foreboding echoes Queen Elizabeth’s words in the third scene of Richard III, when she foresees her impending fall: “Would all were well, but that will never be. [She averts her face. The phrase “its point is death” may be interpreted as a metatextual comment on the tragic character of the play’s ending. (AB I, 3, p. 128). Ex. He loses all his beloved ones in the fight. A Map of Misreading [1975]. 26In a play written for a nineteenth-century American audience by a Democratic playwright, such lines could only dismiss the legitimacy of the king to the eyes of the public5. Voir plus d'idées sur le thème Serie tv americaine, Robert conrad, Tv. Although the ending of Shakespeare’s play is less bloody than Conrad’s, both women adamantly refuse to yield to a merciless man who usurps his power and show the same unwavering virtue. Trans. So general, indeed, is this impression, that the attempt, even in fiction, to render such a character an object of interest, is regarded as a poetical license so presumptuous as to demand apology. Although the play is adapted from Dante’s Inferno, its setting (Medieval Italy) as well as its plot also evoke Romeo and Juliet. Conrad and Boker’s literary attitudes to the Bard proved to be quite different, but they both failed to defamiliarise him and to truly question Shakespeare as a literary icon. London, New York: Methuen, 1990. --- Romeo and Juliet. D. W. Smith and M. A. Greco. His mother is murdered by Say and his men, his son dies of starvation and his wife Mariamne, overwhelmed with grief, passes away in her husband’s arms. You two / Began this tragedy, I finished it. (JC, III, 4, p. 504). Bristol, Michael. Conrad "le Vieux" de Bourgogne, I 805–862 BIRTH ABT. Deleuze, Gilles. Amazon.com: Les Têtes brûlées - L'intégrale [Blu-ray]: Charles Napier, Robert Conrad, Simon Oakland, Dana Elcar, Dirk Blocker, W.K. Ed. Robert Conrad Wild Wild West Black Sheep Têtes Brulées Mystères de l'Ouest. She was first married to Robert III of Worms, in 819 in Wormsgau, Germany. Andersen, Hans Christian. 8In his preface, Conrad presents his play as a historical and ideological response to Shakespeare’s vision of Cade’s rebellion in 2 Henry VI.

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