Chorèbe appears and urges Cassandre to forget her misgivings. merci Fordix Fordix C'est la déesse … Then I set to work on the score, and after three and a half years of corrections, changes, additions etc., everything was finished. 35. Final: Marche Troyenne (Cassandre, Chœur, 244 bars) Acte II ème, 1 er Tableau 12. Against Cassandre's futile protests, Priam orders the horse to be brought within the city of Troy and placed next to the temple of Pallas Athene. Lorsque la guerre de Troie éclate, Énée est désespéré. Finally, tired of waiting, he agreed to let Léon Carvalho, director of the smaller Théâtre Lyrique, mount a production of the second half of the opera with the title Les Troyens à Carthage. [30] Shirley Verrett was both Cassandre and Didon at the Metropolitan Opera House premiere, with Jon Vickers as Énée. Read Wikipedia in Modernized UI. divins auteurs de notre délivrance. before collapsing, dead. In the UK, concert performances of Les Troyens à Carthage took place in 1897 and 1928,[23] then in 1935 a complete Les Troyens was performed by Glasgow Grand Opera Society, directed by Scottish composer Erik Chisholm.[24]. tous les honneurs" (Didon, Chœur), No. 38], which was "greatly liked at the early performances and was well sung",[9] was cut while Berlioz was at home sick with bronchitis. Narbal and Anna expound curses on Énée to suffer a humiliating death in battle. [19], On 9 June 1892 the Paris Opéra-Comique staged Les Troyens à Carthage (in the same theatre as its premiere) and witnessed a triumphant debut for the 17-year-old Marie Delna as Didon, with Stéphane Lafarge as Énée, conducted by Jules Danbé; these staged performances of Part 2 continued into the next year. 25. escription (plan détaillé) (Énée, le Spectre de Cassandre, le Spectre d'Hector, le Spectre de Chorèbe, le Spectre de Priam, Chœur d'Ombres invisibles), No. 8. Du peuple et des soldats (Énée) 7 Les Troyens, Act I: Châtiment effroyable! Que la déesse nous protège, Conjurons ce nouveau danger! 29. Voici un enregistrement à marquer d'une pierre blanche : l'intégrale des Troyens de Berlioz. il part!' A sacrificial pyre with Énée's relics has been built. Énée then comes on stage, singing of his despair at the gods' portents and warnings to set sail for Italy, and also of unhappiness at his betrayal of Didon with this news. He had just obtained an annual subsidy of a hundred thousand francs from the government. The remaining women scorn the Greeks as being too late to find the treasure, and commit mass suicide, to the soldiers' horror. Anna dismisses such concerns and says that this indicates that Énée would be an excellent king for Carthage. Stream ad-free or purchase CD's and MP3s now on Amazon.com. Berlioz never saw the first two acts, later given the name La prise de Troie ("The Capture of Troy"). "[9] The "Song of Hylas" [no. Cassandre then calls upon the Trojan women to join her in death, to prevent being defiled by the invading Greeks. During the 1964 season at the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires, Crespin as Cassandre and Didon and Chauvet were the leads for the South American premiere conducted by Georges Sébastian.[28]. 47. ÉNÉE. 10 Les Troyens, H. 133a: Act I. Récitatif et Chœur. Récitatif et Chœur: "Quelle espérance encore" (Ascagne, Énée, Chorèbe, Panthée, Chœur des Soldats troyens), No. Hunting horns are heard in the distance, and huntsmen with dogs pass by as the naiads hide in the reeds. The performance of Les Troyens used at various productions at the Paris Opéra and by Beecham and by Kubelík in London were the orchestral and choral parts from Choudens et Cie of Paris, the only edition then available. Ascagne enters, presents the saved treasure of Troy, and relates the Trojans' story. Priests enter in a procession. Énée interprets this as a sign of the goddess Athene's anger at the sacrilege. 51. 18. De qui Hélène, enlevée par les Troyens, était-elle la femme ? Marisa Ferrer, who later sang the part under Sir Thomas Beecham in London, sang Didon in the 1929 revival, with Germaine Lubin as Cassandre and Franz again as Énée. Découvrez Les Troyens, Op. 29], an elaborate pantomime ballet with nymphs, sylvans and fauns, along with a chorus. Hugh Macdonald said of it: In the history of French music, Les Troyens stands out as a grand opera that avoided the shallow glamour of Meyerbeer and Halévy, but therefore paid the price of long neglect. Les Troyens was performed for the first time in London in a concert performance conducted by Sir Thomas Beecham and broadcast at the BBC in 1947. Cérémonie Funèbre: "Dieux de l'oubli" (Anna, Narbal, Chœur de Prêtres de Pluton), No. 50–52]. Cette année 2019 est une année Berlioz. Two naiads appear and disappear, but return to bathe in the basin. Rétabli, Énée retourne sur le champ de bataille, où il combat cette fois Achille. [20], In December 1906 the Théâtre de la Monnaie in Brussels commenced a run of performances with the two halves on successive nights.[21]. Enée était un guerrier courageux, il fut l'un des principaux chefs troyens pendant la guerre de Troie, le plus vaillant guerrier après Hector mais il se mettait parfois dans des situations périlleuses, notamment lorsqu'il lutta contre Achille ; heureusement que Poséidon, le voyant en danger de mort, le cacha dans une nuée, et l’enleva des yeux de son ennemi. The scene is slowly obscured by thick clouds, but as the storm subsides, the clouds lift and dissipate.[41]. Lucienne Anduran was Didon in 1939, with Ferrer as Cassandre this time, José de Trévi as Énée, and Martial Singher as Chorèbe. After decades of neglect, today the opera is considered by some music critics as one of the finest ever written. Les Troyens is Berlioz's most ambitious work, the summation of his entire artistic career, but he did not live to see it performed in its entirety. The Carthaginians and their queen, Didon, are celebrating the prosperity that they have achieved in the past seven years since fleeing from Tyre to found a new city. "[9] The duet between Didon and Énée [no. 26. en action The first and second parts, in Berlioz's revised versions of three and five acts, were sung on two successive evenings, 6 and 7 December, in German at Großherzoglichen Hoftheater in Karlsruhe (see Roles). The satyrs, fauns, and sylvans pick up the flaming branches and dance with them in their hands, then disappear with the nymphs into the depths of the forest. 11 Les Troyens, H. 133a: Act I. Montre a quelqu un qui veut abandonnerl École son importance Donne lui au moins Quelle déesse protège Enee et les Troyens 2 Voir les réponses Oceanefripouille Oceanefripouille Coucou Aphrodite Je crois JusteÉva2370 JusteÉva2370 Bonjour, La déesse qui protège Énée et les Troyens est Aphrodite Bonne journée The Brain; ... les regards, la position des corps et des mains. 39. At the climax of the storm, nymphs with dishevelled hair run to-and-fro over the rocks, gesticulating wildly. 216–227. To enjoy Prime Music, go to Your Music Library and transfer your account to Amazon.co.uk (UK). She then decides to offer sacrifice, including destroying the Trojans' gifts to her and hers to them. The list of musical numbers is from the Urtext vocal score. The other women acknowledge the accuracy of Cassandre's prophecies and their own error in dismissing her. "[7], Even with this truncated version of the opera, many compromises and cuts were made, some during rehearsals, and some during the run. Énée reveals that after some persuading, Andromaque eventually married Pyrrhus, the son of Achille, who killed Hector, Andromaque's earlier husband. [17] The preparation of this critical edition was the work of Hugh Macdonald, whose Cambridge University doctoral dissertation this was. In his memoirs, Berlioz described in excruciating detail the intense frustrations he experienced in seeing the work performed. The sentries, however, remark that they have good lives in Carthage and do not want to leave. [6] As Berlioz noted bitterly, he agreed to let Carvalho do it "despite the manifest impossibility of his doing it properly. Les Troyens is Berlioz's most ambitious work, the summation of his entire artistic career, but he did not live to see it performed in its entirety. Didon says it is time to finish the sacrifice and that she feels peace enter her heart (this happens in a ghostly descending chromatic line recalling the appearance of Hector’s ghost in Act II). Alone, she resolves to die, and after expressing her love for Énée one final time, prepares to bid her city and her people farewell. Dans le chapitre LIX, qui devait achever ses Mémoires, le compositeur note en 1854 : De retour à Paris, Berlioz commence l'écriture du livret et de la partition, achevée le 12 avril 1858 dans une première version, avec ces vers de Virgile en note4 : Composés entre 1856 et 1858, Les Troyens ont c… Pour le comprendre, il faut revenir à Troie. In the early 20th century, the lack of accurate parts led musicologists W. J. Turner and Cecil Gray to plan a raid on the publisher's Paris office, even approaching the Parisian underworld for help. Récitatif et Chœur: "Tous ne périront pas" (Cassandre, Polyxène, Chœur), No. 23. Je dois faire le portrait d’une personne réelle ou fictive en y mêlant les trois types de d Didon accepts the offer, and Énée entrusts his son Ascagne to Didon's care, but he suddenly dries his tears and joins the Carthaginians and Trojans in preparing for battle against the Numidians. Berlioz specified the following instruments:[39]. The Carthaginians then utter one final curse on Énée and his people to the music of the Trojan march, vowing vengeance for his abandonment of Didon, as the opera ends. Berlioz's son Louis attended every performance. (25 lignes)PlanImportance de l'école dans la vie personnelle.importance de l'école dans la vie professionnelleImportance d'une personne éduquée dans unpays.​, phrase affirmative pouvez vous m'aider à faire 8 phrases affirmative​, un passant qui a assisté au cambriolage d'une bijouterie raconte la scène aux policiers. Duo et Chœur: "Errante sur tes pas" (Didon, Énée, Chœur), No. She then ascends the pyre. RÉSUMÉ DE L’ÉNÉIDE Livre I: Énée et ses compagnons, partis de Troie pour fonder une nouvelle ville, sont détournés de leur route par la déesse Junon, épouse de Jupiter et ennemie des Troyens. David Cairns described the work as "an opera of visionary beauty and splendor, compelling in its epic sweep, fascinating in the variety of its musical invention... it recaptures the tragic spirit and climate of the ancient world." Scène et Chœur: "Debout, Troyens!" Quelle Espérance Encore Est Permise, Panthée? Énée then reveals his true identity and offers the services of his people to help Carthage. Mécontent de cette proposition ? [31] Les Troyens opened the Metropolitan's centenary season in 1983 under James Levine with Plácido Domingo, Jessye Norman as Cassandre and Tatiana Troyanos as Didon. Before the act proper has started, the Greek soldiers hidden in the wooden horse have come out and begun to destroy Troy and its citizens. She has a vision of a future African warrior, Hannibal, who will rise and attack Rome to avenge her. It consisted of Acts 3 to 5, redivided by Berlioz into five acts, to which he added an orchestral introduction (Lamento) and a prologue. They see the large wooden horse left by the Greeks, which they presume to be an offering to Pallas Athene. Your Amazon Music account is currently associated with a different marketplace. Buy 2 CDs or download online. Entrent Énée sous un déguisement de matelot, Panthée, Ascagne, et les chefs troyens portant des présents. Récitatif et Septuor: "Mais banissons" (Ascagnes, Didon, Anna, Énée, Iopas, Narbal, Panthée, Chœur), No. Testez vos connaissances avec notre Quizz Les Troyens . …, dixconseils. All resolve to defend Troy to the death. For Berlioz, truthful representation of passion was the highest goal of a dramatic composer, and in this respect he felt he had equalled the achievements of Gluck and Mozart. [1] The libretto was written by Berlioz himself from Virgil's epic poem the Aeneid; the score was composed between 1856 and 1858. Narbal is worried about Didon and tells Anna to stay with her sister, but the queen orders Anna to leave. The bard Iopas then enters to tell of an unknown fleet that has arrived in port. During this scene, Énée is disguised as an ordinary sailor. Only knowing the work from a piano reduction, the British critic W. J. Turner declared that Les Troyens was "the greatest opera ever written" in his 1934 book on Berlioz, much preferring it to the vastly more popular works of Richard Wagner. This only makes the Trojans want the horse inside their city all the more. Énée gives in and realizes that he must obey the gods' commands, but also realizes his cruelty and ingratitude to Didon as a result. Two sentries mockingly comment that he will never see his homeland again. Pantomime: "Andromaque et son fils" (Andromaque, Astyanax, Cassandre, Chœur), No. 43. Scène et Récitatif: "Ô lumière de Troie" (Ascagne, Énée, l'Ombre d'Hector), No. Votre texte devra comporter des déterminants indéfinis, démon Récitatif et Air: "Nous avons vu finir" (Didon, the same), No. Non, je ne verrai pas (Cassandre, 99 bars) 11. The Trojans are celebrating apparent deliverance from ten years of siege by the Greeks (also named the Achaeans in the opera). American critic B. H. Haggin heard in the work Berlioz's "arrestingly individual musical mind operating in, and commanding attention with, the use of the [Berlioz] idiom with assured mastery and complete adequacy to the text's every demand". 7. 30. Sa mère n’est autre qu’Aphrodite, la déesse de la Beauté et de l’Amour. His theater was not large enough, his singers were not good enough, his chorus and orchestra were small and weak. La déesse, touchée à la main, est toutefois contrainte de lâcher son fils ; Apollon enlève alors Énée dans les airs et le conduit à Pergame. Login with Gmail. They break out in wild cries of "a-o" (sopranos and contraltos) and are joined by fauns, sylvans, and satyrs. Cassandre summons one last cry of "Italie!" Cassandre reports that Énée and other Trojan warriors have rescued Priam's palace treasure and relieved people at the citadel. Berlioz: Les Troyens. STP AIDER MOI STP à rédigez un texte​, pouvez vous me donner trois mot de la même famille que réchauffé sil vous plait :D, quelle est la nature du mot reconnaissable s'il vous plait merci, Pouvez vous m’aider exo: 7 8 9 10 11 et 3 et 5, J'ai besoins des réponses sur le livre la parure c'est pour demain svp aidez moi c'est un devoir maison, sil vous plat pouvez vous me donner 3 mot de la même famille que courire, Svp lundi 2 décembre je dois rendre un devoir maison vous pouvez m'aider svp j'en n'ai vraiment besoin. But her prophetic vision clarifies, and she foresees the utter destruction of Troy. Erato: 9029576220. 29, H. 133, Act 1: 'Que la déesse nous protège' (Énée, Priam, Cassandre, Tous) [Live] by John Nelson. Caprice: CAP22054. [42], This article is about the opera. Carvalho had originally planned to divert water from the nearby Seine, but during the rehearsals, a faulty switch nearly caused a disaster. Chant National: "Gloire à Didon" (the same), No. [9][10] Berlioz lamented: "If I am able to put on an adequate performance of a work of this scale and character I must be in absolute control of the theatre, as I am of the orchestra when I rehearse a symphony."[11]. Chœur: "Après dix ans" (Chœur de la Populace troyenne), No. (Entrent Ascagne a la tête des enfants, Hécube et les Princesses, Énée à la tête des guerriers troyens, Priam et les Prêtres.) Recalling her own wanderings on the seas, Didon bids that these strangers be made welcome. Chœur – Prière: "Puissante Cybèle" (Polyxène, Chœur des Troyennes), No. The Critical Edition score from Bärenreiter first published in 1969 was used by Colin Davis in the Covent Garden production that year and parallel Philips recording.[16]. Récitatif et Chœur. The performance had several cuts, authorised by Berlioz, including some dances in the third act. Check out Les Troyens, Op. 19. 40] was omitted, because Carvalho had found its "homely style... out of place in an epic work". …. Goldberg 1988, p. 222. Récitatif et Chœur: "Que la déesse nous protège" (the same), No. He lies to King Priam and the crowd that he has deserted the Greeks, and that the giant wooden horse they have left behind was intended as a gift to the gods to ensure their safe voyage home. Là, il est soigné par Léto, la mère d’Apollon, et par Artémis, la sœur jumelle de ce dernier. Buy 4 CDs + DVD Video or download online. No. Preview, buy and download high-quality music downloads of Berlioz: Les Troyens by John Nelson from 7digital United Kingdom - We have over 30 million high quality tracks in our store. This was more than enough to decide me. Anna acknowledges blame for encouraging the love between her sister and Énée. The ghosts of Priam, Chorèbe, Hector and Cassandre appear and relentlessly urge Énée to proceed on to Italy. Il est chanté par Virgile dans lÉnéide, dont il est le personnage central. Comme beaucoup de héros grecs, Énée a été élevé dans les bois par le centaure Chiron. (Énée, Chœur), No. Several of the Trojan women are praying at the altar of Vesta/Cybele for their soldiers to receive divine aid. Il est plus particulièrement le protégé du dieu Poséidon qui le sauve lors de son combat contre Achille. III, V), except as noted. After the premiere of the second part at the Théâtre Lyrique, portions of the opera were next presented in concert form. But Carthage does not have enough weapons to defend itself. Since the set change for this scene took nearly an hour, it was cut, despite the fact its staging had been greatly simplified with a painted waterfall backdrop rather than one with real water. Air et Duo: "De quels revers" (the same), No. From the album "Berlioz: The Complete Works" by John Nelson on Napster N° 9 – Récitatif et chœur. You must write this opera, this lyric poem; call it what you like and plan it as you wish. Air. However, the 1957 production at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden conducted by Rafael Kubelík and directed by John Gielgud, has been described as "the first full staging in a single evening that even approximated the composer's original intentions". Récitatif mesuré et Air: "Inutiles regrets" / "Ah! Both parts were staged at the Opéra in one evening on 10 June 1921,[22] with mise-en-scène by Merle-Forest, sets by René Piot and costumes by Dethomas. (Priam, Panthée, Chorèbe, Énée, Helenus, Cassandre, Ascagne, Hécube, Chorus) 8 Les Troyens, Act I: Que la déesse nous protège - A cet objet sacré formez cortège (Énée, Priam, All) 9 Les Troyens, Act I: Aria. Seuls Énée et quelques compagnons échappent au massacre et s’enfuient. 3. Scène: "En mer, voyez" (Didon, Iopas, Chœur), No. This production was frequently revived over the succeeding eleven years and was sometimes given on a single day. Final: "Complices de sa gloire" (the same, un Chef Grec, Chœur des Grecs), No. Récitatif et Chœur: "Peuple! Berlioz began the libretto on 5 May 1856 and completed it toward the end of June 1856. No. Air: "Non, je ne verrai pas" (Cassandre), No. Cast from the, Deloffre is identified as the conductor by Auguste de Gasperini in his review in, Edmond Cabel sang the "Song of Hylas", but it was cut shortly after the premiere as his contract only required him to sing 15 times per month. Marche Troyenne (in the minor mode): "J'éprouve une soudaine" (Didon), No. Scène et Chant d'Iopas: "Assez, ma sœur" (Didon, Iopas), No. She foresees that she will not live to marry her fiancé, Chorèbe. 44. Récit: "Du peuple et des soldats" (Énée), No. The crowd has seen the Trojans set sail. 16. The San Francisco Opera staged a heavily cut version of the opera (reducing it to about three hours), billed as the "American professional stage premiere", in 1966, with Crespin as both Cassandre and Didon and Canadian tenor Jon Vickers as Énée, and again in 1968 with Crespin and Chauvet; Jean Périsson conducted all performances. Scène et Récitatif. Hearing about Andromaque remarrying, Didon then feels resolved regarding her lingering feelings of faithfulness to her late husband. 28. 34. Après avoir médité les leçons de ce bon précepteur, et lorsqu’il est en âge de se marier, Énée épouse Créüse, la fille de Priam. morale A tree is hit by lightning, explodes and catches fire, as it falls to the ground. Imprécation: "Rome! bonsoir auriez vous l amabilité de m aide pour ce devoir svp: sujet! During June and July 2015 the San Francisco Opera presented the opera in a new production directed by Sir David McVicar that originated at the Royal Opera House in London. Two performances of La prise de Troie were given in Paris on the same day, 7 December 1879: one by the Concerts Pasdeloup at the Cirque d'Hiver with Anne Charton-Demeur as Cassandre, Stéphani as Énée, conducted by Ernest Reyer; and another by the Concerts Colonne at the Théâtre du Châtelet with Leslino as Cassandre, Piroia as Énée, conducted by Edouard Colonne. Even in its less than ideal form, the work made a profound impression. Unlike all the other Trojans, however, Cassandre is mistrustful of the situation. L'accueil catastrophique de La Damnation de Faust, en 1846, l'avait ensuite découragé d'écrire pour la scène. The Carthaginians swear their defence of Didon, and the builders, sailors and farmers offer tribute to Didon. Récitatif: "Dites, Narbal" (Anna, Narbal), No. 24. For five years (from 1858 to 1863), the Paris Opéra – the only suitable stage in Paris – vacillated. Italie!". For example, Giacomo Meyerbeer attended 12 performances. In this published score, he introduced a number of optional cuts which have often been adopted in subsequent productions. De les voir, et je crains en secret leur présence. Didon then stabs herself with Énée's sword, to the horror of her people. No. Berlioz, Hector; Cairns, David, translator and editor (2002). CHOEUR Dieux protecteurs de la ville éternelle, Recevez notre encens; Et du bonheur de son peuple fidèle Entendez les accents! [25] His cast included Ferrer as both Didon and Cassandre, Jean Giraudeau as Énée and Charles Cambon as both Chorèbe (a role he had sung in Paris in 1929) and Narbal. Panthée and the Trojan chieftains discuss the gods' angry signs at their delay in sailing for Italy. There is suddenly a sound of what seems to be the clashing of arms from within the horse, and for a brief moment the procession and celebrations stop, but then the Trojans, in their delusion, interpret it as a happy omen and continue pulling the horse into the city. Il est le fils d'Anchise (un membre de la maison royale de la cité de Troie) et de la déesse Aphrodite (Vénus pour les Romains). Didon then appears, appalled at Énée's attempt to leave in secret, but still in love with him. Stream ad-free or purchase CD's and MP3s now on Amazon.co.uk. Poséidon prédit même qu'Énée régnera un jour sur les Troyens après la disparition brutale des descendants du roi Priam. No. 4. Berlioz complained bitterly of the cuts that he was more or less forced to allow at the 1863 Théâtre Lyrique premiere production, and his letters and memoirs are filled with the indignation that it caused him to "mutilate" his score. La déesse qui protège Énée et les Troyens est Aphrodite. Énée pleads the messages from the gods to move on, but Didon will have none of this. (Ascagne, Énee, l’Ombre d’Hector, 142 bars) 13. Role names and descriptions, their order, and voice types are from the urtext vocal score published by Bärenreiter (Berlioz 2003, pp. 8 Octet and Double Chorus 11 Les Troyens, H. 133a: Act I. Alone, Didon and Énée then sing a love duet. Dieu de l'Olympe! (the same). He then orders his comrades to prepare to sail that very morning, before sunrise. Ils arrivent à There are several recordings of the work, and it is performed with increasing frequency. In our own time the opera has finally come to be seen as one of the greatest operas of the 19th century. Cassandre has watched the procession in despair, and as the act ends, resigns herself to death beneath the walls of Troy. Didon angrily counters that if Énée truly loved her, he would defy the gods, but then asks her to plead with him for a few days' additional stay. Didon's minister Narbal then comes to tell her that Iarbas and his Numidian army are attacking the fields surrounding Carthage and are marching on the city. Emporté par son élan, il conçut un ouvrage en 5 actes répartis en deux parties : La Prise de Troie et Les Troyens à Carthage. In a rage, she demands that the Carthaginians give chase and destroy the Trojans' fleet, and wishes that she had destroyed the Trojans upon their arrival. 9. Login with Facebook 17. I added that I was all too aware of the pain that such an undertaking would inevitably cause me ever to embark on it. As a storm breaks, the two take shelter in the cave. Et le livre est la parure j'ai besoin des répo 52. Joyce DiDonato (Didon), Michael Spyres (Énée), Marie-Nicole Lemieux (Cassandre), Orchestre et Choeur philharmonique de Strasbourg, Badischer Staatsopernchor, Choeur de l’Opéra du Rhin, John Nelson But at the moment of her death, she has one last vision: Carthage will be destroyed, and Rome will be "immortal". You must start work on it and bring it to completion." PRIAM. [29] In 1973, Rafael Kubelík conducted the first Metropolitan Opera staging of Les Troyens, in the opera's first performances in New York City and the third staging in the United States. Since he was also appearing in, Berlioz created this role for the prologue of, Jouanny was the stage name of Juan Perdolini, a former bass singer with Adolphe Adam's, International Music Score Library Project, For the New Berlioz Complete Edition of Bärenreiter, Guy Dumazert, French-language commentary on, Video clip of "Les Troyens" at the Mariinsky Theater, Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Opera Production, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Les_Troyens&oldid=983289230, Opera world premieres at the Théâtre Lyrique, Articles with dead external links from December 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from March 2018, Articles with Italian-language sources (it), Articles with unsourced statements from October 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2013, Articles with International Music Score Library Project links, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz work identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, No.

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